189 research outputs found
Nonparametric maximum likelihood approach to multiple change-point problems
In multiple change-point problems, different data segments often follow
different distributions, for which the changes may occur in the mean, scale or
the entire distribution from one segment to another. Without the need to know
the number of change-points in advance, we propose a nonparametric maximum
likelihood approach to detecting multiple change-points. Our method does not
impose any parametric assumption on the underlying distributions of the data
sequence, which is thus suitable for detection of any changes in the
distributions. The number of change-points is determined by the Bayesian
information criterion and the locations of the change-points can be estimated
via the dynamic programming algorithm and the use of the intrinsic order
structure of the likelihood function. Under some mild conditions, we show that
the new method provides consistent estimation with an optimal rate. We also
suggest a prescreening procedure to exclude most of the irrelevant points prior
to the implementation of the nonparametric likelihood method. Simulation
studies show that the proposed method has satisfactory performance of
identifying multiple change-points in terms of estimation accuracy and
computation time.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/14-AOS1210 the Annals of
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Bayesian phase I/II adaptively randomized oncology trials with combined drugs
We propose a new integrated phase I/II trial design to identify the most
efficacious dose combination that also satisfies certain safety requirements
for drug-combination trials. We first take a Bayesian copula-type model for
dose finding in phase I. After identifying a set of admissible doses, we
immediately move the entire set forward to phase II. We propose a novel
adaptive randomization scheme to favor assigning patients to more efficacious
dose-combination arms. Our adaptive randomization scheme takes into account
both the point estimate and variability of efficacy. By using a moving
reference to compare the relative efficacy among treatment arms, our method
achieves a high resolution to distinguish different arms. We also consider
groupwise adaptive randomization when efficacy is late-onset. We conduct
extensive simulation studies to examine the operating characteristics of the
proposed design, and illustrate our method using a phase I/II melanoma clinical
trial.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-AOAS433 the Annals of
Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of
Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
OR-NeRF: Object Removing from 3D Scenes Guided by Multiview Segmentation with Neural Radiance Fields
The emergence of Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) for novel view synthesis has
increased interest in 3D scene editing. An essential task in editing is
removing objects from a scene while ensuring visual reasonability and multiview
consistency. However, current methods face challenges such as time-consuming
object labeling, limited capability to remove specific targets, and compromised
rendering quality after removal. This paper proposes a novel object-removing
pipeline, named OR-NeRF, that can remove objects from 3D scenes with user-given
points or text prompts on a single view, achieving better performance in less
time than previous works. Our method spreads user annotations to all views
through 3D geometry and sparse correspondence, ensuring 3D consistency with
less processing burden. Then recent 2D segmentation model Segment-Anything
(SAM) is applied to predict masks, and a 2D inpainting model is used to
generate color supervision. Finally, our algorithm applies depth supervision
and perceptual loss to maintain consistency in geometry and appearance after
object removal. Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves
better editing quality with less time than previous works, considering both
quality and quantity.Comment: project site: https://ornerf.github.io/ (codes available
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